Energy-thermochemical conversion of urban waste: the Chinese model for low-carbon cities.

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China is changing the common fate of waste: instead of simply burying it, the country is using urban waste to generate electricity and heating in its cities.

This is how it works: household waste is collected, processed, and goes through stages such as fermentation and incineration. Then, the released heat powers turbines that produce electricity or heat environments — all with less environmental impact. ABREN - WtERT+1

One example cited is the household waste incineration plant in Beijing, which can process about 3,000 tons of waste per day and generate enough energy to power hundreds of thousands of homes.

The impact is significant: fewer landfills, less emission of polluting gases, and cleaner, more efficient cities — all aligned with the national "green city" strategy guided by leader Xi Jinping.

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Under the guidance of President Xi Jinping's ecological civilization philosophy, China has implemented an integrated urban solid waste management system that prioritizes thermochemical conversion into energy and heat.

At the Asuwei incineration plant (Changping district, Beijing), household waste is initially subjected to a controlled fermentation process of 5 to 7 days to increase its calorific value before being fed into a combustion grate. The generated steam powers turbines connected to the electrical grid, with an estimated annual production of 420 million kWh.

The entire cycle is monitored with combustion gas purification technology, particle filtration, and removal of NOₓ, HCl, and other pollutants—emission levels are reportedly below European Union standards. Furthermore, residual slag, metals, and ash are reused for construction materials with a recovery rate exceeding 90%.

With over a thousand conversion units (incineration + energy recovery) in operation, China's installed capacity surpasses that of the US, Europe, and Japan combined. This technological advancement, combined with automation, a national equipment supply chain, and waste logistics, positions the country as a global leader in the "waste-to-energy" sector.

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Sources: China transforma lixo em energia e impulsiona cidades verdes | Brasil 247 China é pioneira em tecnologia de conversão de resíduos em energia, alimentando cidades verdes sob a orientação ecológica de Xi - ABREN - WtERT

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